EFFECTS OF TRAMADOL, PARACETAMOL, AND DICLOFENAC ON CAPSAICININDUCED PAIN IN CHICKEN (GALLUS GALLUS DOMESTICUS)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.66055/cvwn9d92Keywords:
Capsaicin, Pain, Analgesics, FStatistic, hyperalgesiaAbstract
Effects of Tramadol, Paracetamol and
Diclofenac in Management of Pain in
Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus)
Capsaicin, an extract of hot pepper induces
pain. Analgesics conventionally alleviate
pain. Forty eight, five months old chicken
from a hatchery in Mwala Sub County, was
used within Machakos County. Objectives
were to examine whether administration of
tramadol has an effect on pain in chicken, to
determine whether the effects of paracetamol
can reduce pain in chicken and, to evaluate
the effects of diclofenac on induced pain in
chicken. Birds were acclimatized to
laboratory conditions for one month before
their use in experiments n=6. They were
randomly selected, weighed, coded and
cloacal temperature taken. Ethogram was
developed from capsaicin (10-9
-10-2
) g/ml
instillation onto either of chicken eyes was
used. Capsaicin 10-2ml/g was used to induce
pain thirty minutes after the administration of
either tramadol, paracetamol or diclofenac.
Responses were recorded in blocks of five
minutes in an hour. The spread 10-1
of
dosages (Tramadol 0.3, 3, 3mg/kg,
paracetamol 0.3,3,30mg/kg, and diclofenac
0.01, 0.1, 1mg/kg) was used. A dose per bird
was got using a nurse calculator. GraphPad
Prism 5.0 software, Turkey’s statistic, and
One way ANOVA analysis showed:
Statistical difference (p < 0.05***) between
the analgesics’ respective levels.
Paradoxical reactions of the analgesics.
Confidence intervals with both ends being
positive in the pairwise comparisons. At 95%
confident, the standard errors were minimal.
The null hypotheses for the three analgesics
were rejected. The F-statistic in tramadol
was large as in paracetamol where Eta
squared 0.7819, F-statistic 49.29 in one way
ANOVA. Berlet’s test in diclofenac for equal
variances indicated significant difference.
Analgesics, tramadol, paracetamol, and
diclofenac may not alleviate pain in chicken.
They displayed paradoxical reactions,
hyperalgesia. Farmers may be restricted
from buying analgesics over the counter to
alleviate pain. This may be made as part of
livestock policy for use by veterinarians and
researchers
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